# NLP **NLP** (Natural Language Processing) is the field of AI concerned with enabling computers to understand, generate, and manipulate human language. It covers tasks ranging from text classification and translation to summarisation and conversation. Most large language models, [[gpt|GPT]], [[claude|Claude]], [[bert|BERT]], are NLP systems at their core, even when they are also capable of handling images or other modalities. ^overview The term comes up frequently in energy research because NLP model training was among the first to be seriously scrutinised for its carbon cost, notably by [[Strubell et al. (2019)]].